Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C) and lightly grease a 9x13-inch baking dish.
Cook the bacon until crisp, then drain on paper towels and chop. Reserve 1 tablespoon of the bacon fat in a large skillet and discard the rest.
Add the ground beef and diced onion to the skillet over medium-high heat. Break the meat apart and cook 8 to 10 minutes, until no pink remains and the onion is soft. Stir in the garlic and cook 30 seconds more.
Drain off the excess grease thoroughly — this is the step that keeps the casserole from turning greasy. Return the beef to the skillet and stir in the tomato paste, mustard, onion powder, garlic powder, salt, and pepper. Cook 2 minutes, then remove from the heat and stir in about two-thirds of the chopped bacon.
In a bowl, whisk the softened cream cheese until smooth, then whisk in the eggs one at a time followed by the heavy cream. Whisk until completely lump-free, then stir in 1 cup of the shredded cheddar.
Spread the beef mixture evenly in the prepared baking dish. Pour the custard over the top and gently nudge it into the meat with a fork so it settles all the way through. Scatter the remaining 2 cups of cheddar over the surface.
Bake uncovered for 30 to 35 minutes, until the center is set and no longer jiggly and the cheese is bubbling and golden at the edges.
Let the casserole rest 10 minutes before slicing — it firms up as it cools. Top with the reserved bacon, chopped pickles, and chives just before serving.